Radiation Terms and Definitions-04
Radiation Terms and Definitions-04
This page provides a list of general terms that are used to describe aspects of radiation science. Click on the desired term from the list to retrieve the definition for the term.
Kilo-
A prefix that multiplies a basic unit by 1,000 or 103.
Low-level waste
Low-level radioactive waste (LLW) is a general term for a wide range of wastes. Industries, hospitals and medical, educational, or research institutions; private or government laboratories; and nuclear fuel cycle facilities (e.g., nuclear power reactors and fuel fabrication plants) using radioactive materials generate low-level wastes as part of their normal operations. These wastes are generated in many physical and chemical forms and levels of contamination.
Mega-
prefix that multiplies a basic unit by 1,000,000 or 106.
Megacurie
One million (106) curies.
Micro-
A prefix that divides a basic unit into one million parts (10-6).
Microcurie
One millionth (10-6) of a curie.
Mill tailings
Naturally radioactive residue from the processing of uranium ore into yellowcake in a mill. Although the milling process recovers about 93 percent of the uranium, the residues, or tailings, contain several naturally occurring radioactive elements, including uranium, thorium, radium, polonium, and radon.
Milli-
A prefix that divides a basic unit by 1,000 (10-3).
Millirem
One thousandth of a rem. (1 mrem = 10-3 rem)
Molecule
A group of atoms held together by chemical forces. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that can exist by itself and retain all of its chemical properties.
Nano-
A prefix that divides a basic unit by one billion (10-9).
Nanocurie
One billionth (10-9) of a curie.
Natural uranium
Uranium as found in nature. It contains about 0.7 percent uranium-235, 99.3 percent uranium-238, and a trace of uranium-234.
Neutron
An uncharged elementary particle with a mass slightly greater than that of the proton, and found in the nucleus of every atom heavier than hydrogen.
Neutron capture
process in which an atomic nucleus absorbs or captures a neutron.
Noble gas
A gaseous chemical element that does not readily enter into chemical combination with other elements. An inert gas. Examples are helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
Personnel monitoring
The use of portable survey meters to determine the presence or amount of radioactive contamination on an individual, or the use of a dosimeter to determine an individual's radiation dose.
Photon
A quantum (or packet) of energy emitted in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays and x rays are examples of photons.
Pico-
A prefix that divides a basic unit by one trillion (10-12).
Picocurie
One trillionth (10-12) of a curie.
Plutonium (Pu)
A heavy, radioactive, man-made metallic element with atomic number 94. Its most important isotope is fissile plutonium-239 which is produced by neutron irradiation of uranium-238, followed by a two-step decay. It exists in only trace amounts in nature.
Pocket dosimeter
A small ionization detection instrument worn by an individual that directly measures the ionizing radiation exposure.
Proportional counter
A radiation instrument in which an electronic detection system receives pulses that are proportional to the number of ions formed in a gas-filled tube by ionizing radiation.
Proton
An elementary nuclear particle located in the nucleus of an atom. The proton has a single positive electric charge.
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